在自主驾驶中，在使用深神经网络的爆炸中爆炸用于感知，预测和规划任务。由于自主车辆（AVS）更接近生产，多模态传感器输入和具有不同传感器平台的异构车队在该行业中变得越来越普遍。然而，神经网络架构通常是针对特定的传感器平台，并且对输入的变化并不稳健，使得缩放和模型部署的问题特别困难。此外，大多数玩家仍然将软件和硬件的问题视为完全独立的问题。我们提出了一个新的终端架构，广义传感器融合（GSF），其设计成使得传感器输入和目标任务都是模块化和可修改的。这使AV系统设计人员能够轻松地使用不同的传感器配置和方法进行实验，并使用在大型工程组织中共享的相同型号开辟了在异构船队上部署的能力。使用该系统，我们报告了实验结果，我们展示了昂贵的高密度（HD）激光雷达传感器的近似奇偶阶段，具有3D对象检测任务中的廉价低密度（LD）LIDAR加相机设置。这为行业铺平了道路，共同设计硬件和软件架构以及具有异质配置的大船队。

We study the multiclass classification problem where the features come from the mixture of time-homogeneous diffusions. Specifically, the classes are discriminated by their drift functions while the diffusion coefficient is common to all classes and unknown. In this framework, we build a plug-in classifier which relies on nonparametric estimators of the drift and diffusion functions. We first establish the consistency of our classification procedure under mild assumptions and then provide rates of cnvergence under different set of assumptions. Finally, a numerical study supports our theoretical findings.

In the brain, information is encoded, transmitted and used to inform behaviour at the level of timing of action potentials distributed over population of neurons. To implement neural-like systems in silico, to emulate neural function, and to interface successfully with the brain, neuromorphic circuits need to encode information in a way compatible to that used by populations of neuron in the brain. To facilitate the cross-talk between neuromorphic engineering and neuroscience, in this Review we first critically examine and summarize emerging recent findings about how population of neurons encode and transmit information. We examine the effects on encoding and readout of information for different features of neural population activity, namely the sparseness of neural representations, the heterogeneity of neural properties, the correlations among neurons, and the time scales (from short to long) at which neurons encode information and maintain it consistently over time. Finally, we critically elaborate on how these facts constrain the design of information coding in neuromorphic circuits. We focus primarily on the implications for designing neuromorphic circuits that communicate with the brain, as in this case it is essential that artificial and biological neurons use compatible neural codes. However, we also discuss implications for the design of neuromorphic systems for implementation or emulation of neural computation.

The post-training quantization (PTQ) challenge of bringing quantized neural net accuracy close to original has drawn much attention driven by industry demand. Many of the methods emphasize optimization of a specific degree-of-freedom (DoF), such as quantization step size, preconditioning factors, bias fixing, often chained to others in multi-step solutions. Here we rethink quantized network parameterization in HW-aware fashion, towards a unified analysis of all quantization DoF, permitting for the first time their joint end-to-end finetuning. Our single-step simple and extendable method, dubbed quantization-aware finetuning (QFT), achieves 4-bit weight quantization results on-par with SoTA within PTQ constraints of speed and resource.

Question answering models commonly have access to two sources of "knowledge" during inference time: (1) parametric knowledge - the factual knowledge encoded in the model weights, and (2) contextual knowledge - external knowledge (e.g., a Wikipedia passage) given to the model to generate a grounded answer. Having these two sources of knowledge entangled together is a core issue for generative QA models as it is unclear whether the answer stems from the given non-parametric knowledge or not. This unclarity has implications on issues of trust, interpretability and factuality. In this work, we propose a new paradigm in which QA models are trained to disentangle the two sources of knowledge. Using counterfactual data augmentation, we introduce a model that predicts two answers for a given question: one based on given contextual knowledge and one based on parametric knowledge. Our experiments on the Natural Questions dataset show that this approach improves the performance of QA models by making them more robust to knowledge conflicts between the two knowledge sources, while generating useful disentangled answers.

The kernel function and its hyperparameters are the central model selection choice in a Gaussian proces (Rasmussen and Williams, 2006). Typically, the hyperparameters of the kernel are chosen by maximising the marginal likelihood, an approach known as Type-II maximum likelihood (ML-II). However, ML-II does not account for hyperparameter uncertainty, and it is well-known that this can lead to severely biased estimates and an underestimation of predictive uncertainty. While there are several works which employ a fully Bayesian characterisation of GPs, relatively few propose such approaches for the sparse GPs paradigm. In this work we propose an algorithm for sparse Gaussian process regression which leverages MCMC to sample from the hyperparameter posterior within the variational inducing point framework of Titsias (2009). This work is closely related to Hensman et al. (2015b) but side-steps the need to sample the inducing points, thereby significantly improving sampling efficiency in the Gaussian likelihood case. We compare this scheme against natural baselines in literature along with stochastic variational GPs (SVGPs) along with an extensive computational analysis.

某人如何分配时间对他们的健康和福祉很重要。在本文中，我们展示了如何通过优化时间使用时间来使用进化算法来促进健康和福祉。根据来自大型人群儿童队列的数据，我们设计健身功能来解释健康结果并引入可行时间计划的限制。然后，我们研究了进化算法的性能，以优化具有不同日期结构的假设儿童的四个个人健康结果的时间使用。随着四个健康结果正在争夺时间分配，我们研究如何以多目标优化问题的形式同时优化多个健康结果。我们使用进化多目标算法优化了一周的时间使用计划，并指出在不同的健康结果方面可以实现的权衡。

Electrocardiography (ECG), an electrical measurement which captures cardiac activities, is the gold standard for diagnosing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, ECG is infeasible for continuous cardiac monitoring due to its requirement for user participation. By contrast, photoplethysmography (PPG) provides easy-to-collect data, but its limited accuracy constrains its clinical usage. To combine the advantages of both signals, recent studies incorporate various deep learning techniques for the reconstruction of PPG signals to ECG; however, the lack of contextual information as well as the limited abilities to denoise biomedical signals ultimately constrain model performance. In this research, we propose Performer, a novel Transformer-based architecture that reconstructs ECG from PPG and combines the PPG and reconstructed ECG as multiple modalities for CVD detection. This method is the first time that Transformer sequence-to-sequence translation has been performed on biomedical waveform reconstruction, combining the advantages of both PPG and ECG. We also create Shifted Patch-based Attention (SPA), an effective method to encode/decode the biomedical waveforms. Through fetching the various sequence lengths and capturing cross-patch connections, SPA maximizes the signal processing for both local features and global contextual representations. The proposed architecture generates a state-of-the-art performance of 0.29 RMSE for the reconstruction of PPG to ECG on the BIDMC database, surpassing prior studies. We also evaluated this model on the MIMIC-III dataset, achieving a 95.9% accuracy in CVD detection, and on the PPG-BP dataset, achieving 75.9% accuracy in related CVD diabetes detection, indicating its generalizability. As a proof of concept, an earring wearable named PEARL (prototype), was designed to scale up the point-of-care (POC) healthcare system.

Covid-19大流行是人类的祸害，宣称全世界超过500万人的生活。虽然疫苗正在全世界分布，但表观需要实惠的筛选技术，以便为无法获得传统医学的世界服务。人工智能可以提供利用咳嗽声音作为主要筛选模式的解决方案。本文介绍了多种模型，这些模型在学术文献目前呈现的最大评估数据集上取得了相对尊敬的性能。此外，我们还显示性能随着培训数据规模而增加，表明世界各地的数据收集，以帮助使用非传统方式对抗Covid-19大流行。

内核选择在确定高斯过程（GP）模型中的性能方面发挥着核心作用，因为所选择的内核在之前的GP下确定了电感偏差和在GP下的功能的先前支持。这项工作解决了为高维GP回归模型构建自定义内核功能的挑战。从最近的深度学习进步中汲取灵感，我们介绍了一个名为Kitt的新方法：通过变压器识别内核识别。 KITT利用基于变压器的架构，以在0.1秒内生成内核建议，这比传统的内核搜索算法快几个数量级。我们使用从已知内核的词汇表中从前线生成的合成数据训练我们的模型。通过利用自我关注机制的性质，KITT能够处理具有任意尺寸的输入的数据集。我们证明，KITT选择的内核会在各种回归基准集合中产生强烈的表现。